VetCalc Clinical Knowledge
Veterinary Clinical Reference Centre
Practical, evidence-aware veterinary references designed to support clinical reasoning, interpretation and everyday decision-making across species and disciplines.
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Featured clinical references
Selected practical topics for rapid access to commonly used veterinary guidance.
Feline Diabetic Ketoacidosis
An emergency reference on stabilisation, electrolyte management and insulin treatment in feline diabetic ketoacidosis.
Feline Chylothorax
A clinical reference on investigation and long-term management of chylous pleural effusion in cats.
Feline Mycobacterial Disease
A practical reference on cutaneous and systemic mycobacterial disease in cats, including zoonotic precautions and diagnostic limitations.
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Canine Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis
Discospondylitis in Dogs
Canine Primary Hypoparathyroidism
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241 published references found.
Ferret Insulinoma
Insulinoma is a common pancreatic endocrine tumour in middle-aged and older ferrets that causes episodic or persistent hypoglycaemia.
Bovine Respiratory Disease
Bovine respiratory disease is a multifactorial syndrome driven by viral and bacterial pathogens, transport, mixing, stress, ventilation and host immunity.
Protein-Losing Enteropathy in Dogs
Protein-losing enteropathy is a syndrome in which gastrointestinal loss of plasma proteins causes hypoalbuminaemia and potentially oedema, effusion, malnutrition and thrombosis.
Johne’s Disease in Cattle
Johne's disease is a chronic enteric infection caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, producing progressive weight loss and major herd-level control challenges.
Equine Influenza
Equine influenza is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease that spreads rapidly among susceptible horses and can disrupt yards, events and transport.
Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs
Portosystemic shunts divert portal blood away from the liver, reducing hepatic exposure to nutrients and toxins and allowing neuroactive substances to enter systemic circulation.
Septic Arthritis in Horses
Synovial sepsis is an emergency because bacterial contamination can rapidly damage articular cartilage and surrounding structures.
Equine Tendon Injury
Flexor tendon injury is a common cause of lameness and loss of athletic function in horses, with healing characterised by scar tissue that is mechanically inferior to normal tendon.
Dysecdysis in Reptiles
Dysecdysis is abnormal or incomplete shedding and is usually a sign of husbandry, nutritional, parasitic, dermatologic or systemic disease.
Aspergillosis in Birds
Avian aspergillosis is a fungal respiratory disease associated with spore exposure, environmental contamination and impaired host defences.
Footrot in Sheep
Footrot is a contagious bacterial disease causing painful underrunning of hoof horn and major welfare and production losses.
Ketosis in Dairy Cattle
Ketosis occurs when energy demand in early lactation exceeds intake and excessive fat mobilisation leads to ketone accumulation.