VetCalc Clinical Knowledge
Veterinary Clinical Reference Centre
Practical, evidence-aware veterinary references designed to support clinical reasoning, interpretation and everyday decision-making across species and disciplines.
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Featured clinical references
Selected practical topics for rapid access to commonly used veterinary guidance.
Feline Diabetic Ketoacidosis
An emergency reference on stabilisation, electrolyte management and insulin treatment in feline diabetic ketoacidosis.
Feline Chylothorax
A clinical reference on investigation and long-term management of chylous pleural effusion in cats.
Feline Mycobacterial Disease
A practical reference on cutaneous and systemic mycobacterial disease in cats, including zoonotic precautions and diagnostic limitations.
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Canine Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis
Discospondylitis in Dogs
Canine Primary Hypoparathyroidism
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241 published references found.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cats
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive feline tumour that is often advanced when diagnosed and can rapidly impair eating, grooming and comfort.
Megacolon and Constipation in Cats
Chronic constipation can progress to irreversible colonic dilation and hypomotility known as megacolon, causing recurrent obstipation and substantial discomfort.
Cholangitis in Cats
Feline cholangitis includes neutrophilic and lymphocytic inflammatory disorders of the biliary system with different causes, clinical courses and treatments.
Feline Triaditis
Feline triaditis describes concurrent inflammatory disease of the intestine, pancreas and biliary system, reflecting the close anatomic relationship of these organs in cats.
Canine Mast Cell Tumours
Mast cell tumours are common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs and show highly variable biological behaviour, making staging and histopathologic assessment important.
Leptospirosis in Dogs
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection that can cause acute kidney injury, hepatic disease, pulmonary haemorrhage and systemic inflammation.
Canine Vestibular Syndrome
Vestibular syndrome causes imbalance from peripheral or central vestibular dysfunction and requires neuroanatomic localisation before a cause can be prioritised.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Dogs
Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterised by systolic dysfunction and chamber dilation and occurs most often in large and giant breeds, although phenotype and cause vary.
Urolithiasis in Dogs
Canine urolithiasis encompasses mineral concretions in the urinary tract, with management determined by location, composition, obstruction risk and underlying metabolic or infectious factors.
Antimicrobial Stewardship in Veterinary Practice
Antimicrobial stewardship is the coordinated use of diagnostics, prescribing principles, infection control and outcome review to preserve antimicrobial effectiveness while protecting animal welfare.
Avian Chlamydiosis
Avian chlamydiosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Chlamydia psittaci, with variable respiratory, gastrointestinal and systemic disease.
Pyometra in Dogs
Pyometra is a potentially life-threatening uterine infection that commonly develops during dioestrus in entire females under progesterone influence.
